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The processor is the heart of a computer and many technology users, especially personal computers, know that the devices they use contain "Intel Inside". Intel is a widespread microprocessor maker since four decades ago and is the most widely used architecture to run the Linux operating system platform and is exclusively used for Windows. In 1969 and before the birth of the first microprocessor, according to records disclosed on its website, Intel as a semiconductor manufacturer had received a request from the Nippon Calculating Machine Corporation (NCMC) to design 12 special chips, which were planned to be used to build Busicom 141-PF calculator products.
The Intel engineer at that time suggested a family consisting of only four chips, including one that could be programmed to be used in various products. This achievement turned out to be the beginning of a technical revolution that dramatically changed the course of electronic development. Intel then designed a set consisting of four chips known as MCS-4. This set consists of a central processing unit (CPU) in the form of a 4004 chip, which is supported by a read-only memory (ROM) chip containing a special application program, a random-access memory (RAM) chip for data processing, and a shift-register chip assigned to handle input / output (I / O) port. In order to use the design for other customers, Intel then purchased the rights to the design from NCMC. Forty-two years ago, on November 15, 1971, Intel launched an Intel®4004 four-bit processor and set of chips around it. Intel 4004 has become the first microprocessor to be sold to the public in addition to being the first CPU to run on a chip. In an advertisement distributed at Electronic News, Intel declared it as "A New Era in Integrated Electronics."
Following the great success of 4004, Intel launched its next generation in April 1972, in the form of a 8008 microprocessor, then 8080 with an 8-bit architecture that was welcomed by the market very well. The Seiko company for example directly ordered this chipset to be planted in their calculator. As the successor to 8008, the Intel 8080 was launched in April 1974. This chip was also installed at the Altair 8800, which is the first PC in its history. The fame of this microprocessor, and the widespread application programs that support 8080 have aroused the interest of other semiconductor companies to make copies. The idea offered by generations 4004 and 8008, has been realized in the form of Intel 8080 as a dream microprocessor of many users. In 1976 Intel introduced two new types of processors in a row, the Intel 8085 which was launched in March followed by the Intel 8086 in June. The number "5" in the code name "8085" comes from the characteristics of this processor which only requires 5 volts of power, quite low when compared to previous processors which require a power combination of up to 12 volts. The Intel 8085 type is very suitable for use as a microcontroller compared to the use as a processor. In one of the NASA mission applications in the early 2000s it was mentioned that it had empowered the Intel 8085 microcontroller.
As an increase in 8085, Intel released a similar version of 8086, but with a 16 bit data bus width. The Intel 8086 architecture turned out to be less popular with PC designers before it was upgraded to the microprocessor version of the Intel 80286. To anticipate PC needs, in June 1979 Intel launched the type 8088, which also became the first chipset to be specifically used in this sector. Choice 8088 is based on consideration of economic value.